# Tables for the AAAH

## Conflicts

1880-1889 | 1890-1899 | 1900-1909 | 1910-1919 | 1920-1929 | 1930-1939 | 1940-1949 | 1950-1959 | 1960-1969 | 1970-1979 | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | 2000-2002

| Location* | Participants
1879
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
South Africa | Britain, Pedi
South Africa | Britain, Zulu
Sudan | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals

1880-1889
| Location* | Participants
1880
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
South Africa | Britain, Boers
Sudan, CAR | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
1881
CAR | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Egypt | Various Europeans, the Khedive, Locals
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Guinea, Mali | Samori Touré, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers
Sudan | Britain, Egyptians, Ethiopia, Madhi, Locals
1882
CAR, Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Egypt | Various Europeans, the Khedive, Locals
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers
Sudan | Britain, Egyptians, Ethiopia, Madhi, Locals
1883
CAR, Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Guinea, Mali | Samori Touré, Locals
Madagascar | France, Merina
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Sudan | Britain, Egyptians, Ethiopia, Madhi, Locals
1884
CAR, Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Guinea, Mali | Samori Touré, Locals
Madagascar | France, Merina
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Sudan | Britain, Egyptians, Ethiopia, Madhi, Locals
1885
CAR, Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Madagascar | France, Merina
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Sudan | Britain, Egyptians, Ethiopia, Madhi, Locals
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
1886
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Ethiopia | Arsi, Shoan
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
1887
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
DRC | Congo Free State, Tippu Tip
Ethiopia | Italy, Britain, Locals
Malawi | Britain South Africa Company, Slave Traders
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
1888
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
Ethiopia | Italy, Britain, Locals
Malawi | Britain South Africa Company, Slave Traders
Mozambique | Portugal, prazeros
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Sierra Leone | Britain, Makaia
South Africa | Britain, Zulu
Tanzania | Germany, Bushiri bin Salim, Arab Slave Traders
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
1889
Benin | France, Locals
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
Ethiopia | Italy, Britain, Locals
Malawi | Britain South Africa Company, Slave Traders
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Tanzania | Germany, Bushiri bin Salim, Arab Slave Traders
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
[back to top]

1890-1899
| Location* | Participants
1890
Benin | France, Locals
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
1891
CAR | France, Muhammad al-Sanusi
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
DRC | Belgium, Arabs
Gambia | France, Foda Cabbah, Mandingo, Fulani
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
1892
CAR | France, Zande
Chad | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
DRC | Belgium, Arabs
DRC | Belgium, Tippu Tip's Successor
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Nigeria | Britain, Aro of Eastern Igboland
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Britain, Yoruba under Chief Ijebu
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Various Europeans, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
1893
Burkina Faso, Côte D’Ivoire, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
Cameroon | Germany, Local Schutztruppe Recruits
CAR | France, Zande
Chad, Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Côte D’Ivoire | France, Locals
DRC | Belgium, Arabs
DRC | Belgium, Tippu Tip's Successor
Gambia | France, Foda Sillah
Ghana | Britain, Ashanti
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
Zimbabwe | Britain South Africa Company, Matabele
1894
Burkina Faso, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
CAR | France, Zande
DRC | Belgium, Arabs
DRC | Belgium, Local rubber “workers”
Ghana | Britain, Ashanti
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Mozambique | Portugal, Shangane, Ngungunyane
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Sudan | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
1895
Benin | France, Locals
Burkina Faso, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
CAR | France, Zande
Ethiopia | Italy, Ethiopia
Ghana | Britain, Ashanti
Kenya | Britain, Swahili, Indians, Arabs
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Malawi | Britain, Ngoni
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Mozambique | Portugal, Gaza
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
1896
Benin | France, Locals
Burkina Faso, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
CAR | France, Zande
Ghana | Britain, Ashanti
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Malawi | Britain, Ngoni
Mozambique | Portugal, Gaza
Namibia | Germany, Herero, Mbanderu
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers
Sudan | Anglo-Egypt, Sudanese dervishes under the Khalifa
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
Zanzibar | Britain, Locals
Zimbabwe | Britain, Matabele, Shona
1897
Benin | France, Locals
Burkina Faso, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Malawi | Britain, Ngoni
Mozambique | Portugal, Gaza
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Sudan | Anglo-Egypt, Sudanese dervishes under the Khalifa
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
Uganda | Britain, Locals
Zimbabwe | Britain, Matabele, Shona
1898
Burkina Faso, Mali | France, Samori Touré, Locals
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Malawi | Britain, Ngoni
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah, Locals
Sierra Leone | Britain, Poro Secret Society, Bai Bureh
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Venda, Locals
Sudan | Anglo-Egypt, Sudanese dervishes under the Khalifa
Sudan | France, Britain, Senegalese riflemen, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Hehe
Uganda | Britain, Bunyoro
Uganda | Britain, Locals
1899
CAR | France, Zande
Chad | France, Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Malawi | Britain, Ngoni
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | France, Senegalese riflemen, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers, Locals
Sudan | Britain, France, Senegalese riflemen, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Locals
[back to top]

1900-1909
| Location* | Participants
1900
Cameroon | France, Rabih Ibn Fadl Allah
CAR | France, Zande
Ghana | Britain, Ashanti
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Locals
1901
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Nigeria | Britain, Aro
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Uganda | Britain, Locals
Zambia | Britain, Ngoni, Makanga
1902
Angola | Portugal, Kwanhama
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Nigeria | Britain, Aro
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1903
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Nigeria | Britain, Caliph Atahiru I
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Britain, Sokoto Caliphate
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1904
Cameroon | Germany, Anyang
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Madagascar | France, Malagasy
Namibia | Germany, Herero, Nama
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Britain, Sokoto Caliphate
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1905
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Namibia | Germany, Herero, Nama
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Maji Rebels
1906
CAR | France, Zande
Egypt | Britain, Locals
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Namibia | Germany, Herero, Nama
Niger | France, Tuareg
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Nigeria | Britain, Sokoto
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Zulu
Tanzania | Germany, Maji Rebels
1907
Angola | Portugal, Dembos
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Morocco | France, Beni-Snassen
Morocco | France, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Maji Rebels
1908
Angola | Portugal, Dembos
CAR | France, Zande
Kenya | Britain, Nandi
Morocco | France, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Maji Rebels
1909
Angola | Portugal, Dembos
CAR | France, Zande
Chad | France, Wadai
Morocco | France, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tanzania | Germany, Maji Rebels
[back to top]

1910-1919
| Location* | Participants
1910
Angola | Portugal, Dembos
Chad | France, Wadai
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1911
CAR | France, Zande
Chad | France, Wadai
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Morocco | France, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tunisia | France, Locals
1912
CAR | France, Zande
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Malawi | Britain, Yao
Morocco | France, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1913
Angola | Portugal, Locals
Chad | France, Wadai
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Madagascar | France, Merina Intellectuals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1914
East Africa (WW1) | Britain, Germany, Belgium, Locals
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Namibia | South Africa, Germany
Nigeria | Britain, Aniocha
Nigeria | Britain, Igbo
Somalia | Italy, Locals
South Africa | Britain, Boers, Locals
Togo | France, Locals
1915
East Africa (WW1) | Britain, Germany, Belgium, Locals
Kenya | Britain, Germany
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Malawi | Britain, John Chilembwe's Followers
Namibia | South Africa, Germany
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Tunisia | France, Ouerghemma, Locals
1916
East Africa (WW1) | Britain, Germany, Belgium, Locals
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Sudan | Britain, Darfur
Togo | France, Borgu
Tunisia | France, Ouerghemma, Locals
1917
East Africa (WW1) | Britain, Germany, Belgium, Locals
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Somalia | Italy, Locals
Togo | France, Borgu
1918
East Africa (WW1) | Britain, Germany, Belgium, Locals
Nigeria | Britain, Egba
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1919
Egypt | Britain, Locals
Somalia | Italy, Locals
[back to top]

1920-1929
| Location* | Participants
1920
Somalia | Italy, Locals
1921
Egypt | Britain, Locals
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
South Africa | South Africa, “Israelite” Church
Sudan | Britain, Madhi
1922
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
Sudan | Britain, Madhi
1923
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
1924
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
1925
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
1926
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Morocco | France, Abd el-Krim's Followers
1927
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
1928
CAR | France, Baya
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
1929
CAR | France, Baya
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Nigeria | Britain, women in Aba
[back to top]

1930-1939
| Location* | Participants
1930
CAR | France, Baya
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
Nigeria | Britain, women in Aba
1931
CAR | France, Baya
Libya | Italy, Sanusi
1934
Ethiopia | Italy, Ethiopia
1935
Ethiopia | Italy, Ethiopia
1936
Ethiopia | Italy, Ethiopians
1938
Ethiopia | Italy, Ethiopians
1939
Egypt | Britain, Italy, Locals
Egypt | Italy, Locals
Somalia | Britain, Italy, Locals
[back to top]

1940-1949
| Location* | Participants
1940
Egypt | Allied & Axis Forces, Locals
Ethiopia | Allied & Axis Forces, Locals
Somalia | Allied & Axis Forces, Locals
1941
Egypt | Allied & Axis Forces
Ethiopia | Allied & Axis Forces
Libya | Allied & Axis Forces
Somalia | Allied & Axis Forces, Locals
1942
Algeria, Tunisia | Allied & Axis Forces
Egypt | Allied & Axis Forces
Libya | Allied & Axis Forces
Madagascar | Allied & Axis Forces
1943
Libya, Tunisia | Allied & Axis Forces
1947
Madagascar | France, MDRM
1948
Egypt | Egypt, Israel
1949
Egypt | Egypt, Israel
[back to top]

1950-1959
| Location* | Participants
1951
Egypt | Egypt, Britain
1952
Egypt | Egypt, Britain
Kenya | Britain, Mau Mau
1953
Kenya | Britain, Mau Mau
Morocco | Morocco, Istigal
Tunisia | France, National Liberation Army
1954
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Kenya | Britain, Mau Mau
Morocco | Morocco, Istigal
Tunisia | France, National Liberation Army
1955
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Kenya | Britain, Mau Mau
Morocco | Morocco, Istigal
Tunisia | France, National Liberation Army
1956
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Egypt | Egypt, Britain, France, Israel
Kenya | Britain, Mau Mau
Morocco | Morocco, Istigal
Tunisia | France, National Liberation Army
1957
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Cameroon | France, UPC
Mauritania | France, Spain, National Liberation Army
Morocco | Spain, France, National Liberation Army
1958
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Cameroon | France, UPC
Mauritania | France, Spain, National Liberation Army
1959
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Cameroon | France, UPC
[back to top]

1960-1969
| Location* | Participants
1960
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Cameroon | France, UPC
DRC | Zaire, Katanga
DRC | Zaire, Independent Mining State of South Kasai
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Military faction
Ethiopia, Somalia | Ethiopia, Somalia
1961
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
DRC | Zaire, Katanga
DRC | Zaire, Independent Mining State of South Kasai
Tunisia | France, Tunisia
1962
Algeria | France, FLN, MNA
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
DRC | Zaire, Katanga
DRC | Zaire, Independent Mining State of South Kasai
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Yemen | Yemen, Egypt, Royalists
1963
Algeria, Morocco | Algeria, Morocco
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
Yemen | Yemen, Egypt, Royalists
1964
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
DRC | Zaire, CNL
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia, Somalia | Ethiopia, Somalia
Gabon | Gabon, France, Military faction
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
Yemen | Yemen, Egypt, Royalists
1965
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Burundi | Burundi, Military faction
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
DRC | Zaire, CNL
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
Yemen | Yemen, Egypt, Royalists
1966
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ghana | Ghana, Military factions
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Nigeria | Nigeria, Military factions
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
1967
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
DRC | DRC, Opposition militias
Egypt, Israel | Egypt, Israel
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Nigeria | Nigeria, Republic of Biafra
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
1968
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Nigeria | Nigeria, Republic of Biafra
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
1969
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Egypt, Israel | Egypt, Israel
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Nigeria | Nigeria, Republic of Biafra
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
[back to top]

1970-1979
| Location* | Participants
1970
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Egypt, Israel | Egypt, Israel
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Nigeria | Nigeria, Republic of Biafra
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Sudanese Communist Party
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
1971
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Madagascar | Madagascar, Monima National Independence Movement
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
1972
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Anya Nya
Uganda | Uganda, UPA
1973
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Egypt, Israel | Egypt, Israel
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Guinea-Bissau | Portugal, PAIGC
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
1974
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Mozambique | Portugal, Frelimo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
1975
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Morocco | Morocco, Mauritania, Polisario
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
1976
Angola | Portugal, MPLA, FNLA, UNITA, Cuba, South Africa, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Morocco | Morocco, Mauritania, Polisario
Mozambique | Portugal, Renamo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, Islamic Charter Front
1977
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
DRC | Zaire, FLNC
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Morocco | Morocco, Mauritania, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Uganda | Uganda, military faction
1978
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
DRC | DRC, FNLC
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Morocco | Morocco, Mauritania, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
Somalia | Somalia, military faction
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Uganda | Uganda, Libya, Tanzania, UNLA
1979
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Equatorial Guinea | Equatorial Guinea, military faction
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Morocco | Morocco, Mauritania, Polisario
Mozambique | Portugal, Renamo
Rhodesia | Rhodesia, ZANU, ZAPU
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Uganda | Uganda, Libya, Tanzania, UNLA
[back to top]

1980-1989
| Location* | Participants
1980
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Liberia | Liberia, military faction
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Tunisia | Tunisia, Résistance Armée Tunisienne
1981
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Gambia | Gambia, SRLP
Ghana | Ghana, military faction
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1982
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Kenya | Kenya, military faction
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1983
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Chad, Nigeria | Chad, Nigeria
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, Cuba, WSLF
Ethiopia, Somalia | Ethiopia, Somalia
Ghana | Ghana, military faction
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1984
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Cameroon | Cameroon, military faction
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1985
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Burkina Faso, Mali | Burkina Faso, Mali
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1986
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, Azapo
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Togo | Togo, MTD
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1987
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso, Popular Front
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Chad, Libya | Chad, Libya
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia, Somalia | Ethiopia, Somalia
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1988
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Various groups
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SSDF, SNM, SPM
South Africa | South Africa, SWAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, NRA, UFM, UPM, UNRF, UFDM, UPF, UPDA, UPC, UNLA, FOBA, HSM
1989
Angola | Angola, Cuba, UNITA, South Africa, FNLA, Zaire
Chad | Chad, Libya, Military faction, MOSANAT, Islamic Legion
Comoros | Comoros, presidential guard
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ALF
Liberia | Liberia, NPFL, INPFL
Mauritania, Senegal | Mauritania, Senegal
Morocco | Morocco, Polisario
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, AZAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, Faction of UPDA, UPA, HSM, UDCM, UPDCA
[back to top]

1990-1999
| Location* | Participants
1990
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, Libya, Military faction, MOSANAT, Islamic Legion
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ALF
Liberia | Liberia,Burkina Faso
Mali | Mali, MPA
Mauritania, Senegal | Mauritania, Senegal
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Niger | Niger, FLAA
Rwanda | Rwanda, FPR
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, AZAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, Faction of UPDA, UPA, HSM, UDCM, UPDCA
1991
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Djibouti | Djibouti, FRUD
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, EPRP, TPLF, EPDM, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ELF Factions, EPLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF (starts from 1989-91)
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ALF
Liberia | Liberia, Burkina Faso, NPFL, INPFL
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Niger | Niger, FLAA
Rwanda | Rwanda, FPR
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, AZAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Uganda | Uganda, Faction of UPDA, UPA, HSM, UDCM, UPDCA
1992
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Djibouti | Djibouti, FRUD
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Liberia | Liberia, Burkina Faso, NPFL, INPFL
Mozambique | Mozambique, Renamo
Niger | Niger, FLAA
Rwanda | Rwanda, FPR
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
South Africa | South Africa, ANC, PAC, AZAPO
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM
Togo | Togo, Military Faction
1993
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Congo-Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville, FDU
Djibouti | Djibouti, FRUD
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Liberia | Liberia, Burkina Faso, NPFL, INPFL
Rwanda | Rwanda, FPR
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
1994
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Congo-Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville, FDU
Djibouti | Djibouti, FRUD
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Liberia | Liberia, NPFL, INPFL
Mali | Mali, FIAA
Niger | Niger, CRA
Rwanda | Rwanda, FPR
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
1995
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Liberia | Liberia, NPFL, INPFL
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
1996
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Cameroon, Nigeria | Cameroon, Nigeria
DRC | AFDL, Rwanda, Angola, Congo-Zaire
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ARDUF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, al-Itahad al-Islami
Liberia | Liberia, Ulimo-J
Niger | Niger, FDR
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Somalia | Somalia, SNM , Military faction , SSDF , USC, USC faction
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
1997
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Comoros | Comoros, MPA
Congo-Brazzaville | FDU, Angola
DRC | Congo-Zaire, AFDL, Rwanda, Angola
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, al-Itahad al-Islami
Niger | Niger, UFRA
Niger | Niger, FARS
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
1998
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Angola | Angola, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Congo-Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Chad, Ninjas, Cobras, Cocoyes, Ntsiloulou
DRC | Congo-Zaire, Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Chad, RCD, RCD faction, MLC, Rwanda, Uganda
Egypt | Egypt, al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya , al-Jihad al-Islamiy, Tala i al-Fath
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Ethiopia, Eritrea | Ethiopia, Eritrea
Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal,Guinea, Military faction
Lesotho | Lesotho, Military faction
Rwanda | Rwanda, Opposition alliance
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
1999
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, Namibia, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Congo-Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Chad, Ninjas, Cobras, Cocoyes, Ntsiloulous
DRC | Congo-Zaire, Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Chad, RCD, RCD faction, MLC, Rwanda, Uganda
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, al-Itahad al-Islami
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Ethiopia, Eritrea | Ethiopia, Eritrea
Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Guinea, Military faction
Rwanda | Rwanda, Opposition alliance
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
[back to top]

2000-2002
| Location* | Participants
2000
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, Namibia, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
DRC | Congo-Zaire, Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, RCD, RCD faction, MLC, Rwanda, Uganda
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Ethiopia, Eritrea | Ethiopia, Eritrea
Guinea | Guinea, Military faction
Liberia | Liberia, LURD
Rwanda | Rwanda, Opposition alliance
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone, RUF, AFRC, ECOMOG, Kamajors
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
2001
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, Namibia, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
CAR | CAR, Libya, Military faction
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
DRC | Congo-Zaire, Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, RCD, RCD faction, MLC, Rwanda, Uganda
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Guinea | Guinea, Military faction
Liberia | Liberia, LURD
Rwanda | Rwanda, Opposition alliance
Senegal | Senegal, MFDC
Somalia | Somalia, SRRC
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
2002
Algeria | Algeria, FIS, Expiation and Sin, Exile and Redemption, The Faithful of the Sermon, The Brigades of God, GIA, Dawa wal Jihad
Angola | Angola, FLEC
Angola | Angola, Namibia, UNITA
Burundi | Burundi, Ubumwé, Palipehutu, CNDD, Frolina, CNDD-FDD
CAR | CAR, Libya, Forces of François Bozize
Chad | Chad, MDD (-FANT), CSNPD, CNR, FNT, FARF, MDJT
Congo-Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Ninjas, Cobras, Cocoyes, Ntsiloulous
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, OLF
Ethiopia | Ethiopia, ONLF
Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast, MPCI, MJP, MPIGO
Liberia | Liberia,LURD
Rwanda | Rwanda, Opposition alliance
Somalia | Somalia, SRRC
Sudan | Sudan, SPLM, Faction of SPLM, NDA
Uganda | Uganda, LRA, WNBF, ADF
* Location relative to modern national boundaries.
[back to top]

© 2004-2008 Nancy Jacobs and Rolando Peñate.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.